To manage its way through the impossibly Byzantine thickets of litigation, GOOGLE forked over a $2.3 million cheque to the US Department of Justice, a move it hopes will push the antitrust case into a bench-trial with a judge and away from a jury trial, which would potentially embolden punitive damages. This is just another example of how legal strategy for the tech titans can be utterly convoluted.
The company prudently mailed a cashier’s check to the US government to stave off the need for a damages hearing in advance, an unusual move but one that was sufficient to satisfy the US District Judge Leonie Brinkema, who Judge Jackson would later write ‘concluded that this amounting to $120 million almost certainly covered any damages claim’. GOOGLE’s unprecedented manoeuvre to head off a damages claim opens up the possibility that such manoeuvres might become the norm for legal wrangles to come, not only in the tech industry but in many other areas where litigation arises.
GOOGLE found itself facing a lawsuit. First, the US, and then eight states (later 17 more) alleged that GOOGLE was harming competition in the ad tech business to its own benefit, and that its practices were harming advertisers to federal agencies in particular. This is a lawsuit that could do more than just extract money from GOOGLE. It could challenge GOOGLE’s control of digital advertising.
One of the more controversial issues in the case relates to GOOGLE’s bid to avoid a jury trial. GOOGLE will argue that antitrust cases are too technical and too abstract to be settled by a jury. This suggests that antitrust cases concerning technical products are more akin to determining issues of patent infringement. This viewpoint reflects the technical and specialised features of the dispute. And it is a feature of tech litigation generally.
At a superficial level, the $2.3 million check from GOOGLE looks like a simple settlement offer, but the back-and-forth between parties over subsequent filings shows the complex web of legal claims, counterclaims and arguments that can develop even in a seemingly straightforward situation. This is a battle over claiming and assigning value, and the precise process by which both are negotiated in lawsuits involving tech titans deserves a closer look.
But this legal drama isn’t just about the case at hand. Will GOOGLE’s strategy establish a new legal playbook for defendants who are being sued by the government in the future? Or will the government’s antitrust case drive a reconsideration of how damages should be assessed in antitrust cases? What message will the court’s judgment – whether affirming a mere fine or ordering a market breakup like the government requested – send to the already-consolidated digital advertising market and tech companies more broadly?
As the world’s largest tech company, GOOGLE controls powerful and unparalleled positions across significant parts of the digital economy, most notably online advertising but also search, and even the mobile operating system market and associated services. Indeed, GOOGLE’s various products and services are embedded in the fabric of the everyday lives of billions of people around the world. For those who do not deep-dive into the ins and outs of GOOGLE’s firm- and market-level economics and operations on a daily basis, it can be difficult to comprehend why this case matters so much, and what implications a definitive judgement against GOOGLE may have for the future of the tech world.
It’s a reminder that GOOGLE’s dance with the US government in response to the antitrust lawsuit amounts to dynamic lawmaking in action. But this isn’t the last time we’ll hear about a legal strategy that’s emerging because of a precedent-setting lawsuit against a tech giant. It’s also a reflection of a tech landscape being actively contested. GOOGLE’s latest steps are not just those of a company mounting a legal defence; they’re also part of a conversation between big tech and regulation.
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